Where is chlorine produced

Chlorine Manufacturing in the US industry trends Chlorine Manufacturing in the US industry outlook poll Average industry growth : x.

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This report on : Provides Market Size information to assist with planning and strategic decisions. Helps you understand market dynamics to give you a deeper understanding of industry competition and the supply chain. The primary raw material is common salt, usually in the form of underground deposits which are brought to the surface as a solution in a pumped high pressure water supply.

The solution is often called brine. The electrolysis process produces 2. Traditionally, electrolysis has been carried out by the mercury amalgam or diaphragm cell processes but the ion exchange membrane cell is taking a growing share on environmental and economic grounds.

The main production route in the US is via the diaphragm cell while the mercury and membrane cells are more dominant in Europe. There is environmental pressure on the older mercury route, with some bodies recommending a phase-out by In the mercury cell, sodium is discharged in the form of a mercury sodium amalgam and chloride ions as chlorine.

Two other substances are created as a result: caustic soda most commonly in the form of sodium hydroxide [NaOH] and hydrogen H 2. A simple look at how chlorine is produced. Once the salt is mined, it must be transported to an industrial chlorine manufacturing facility, commonly called a chlor-alkali manufacturing facility.

The salt can be dissolved in water to create a brine solution, then transported by pipeline to the facility. Otherwise, dry salt is transported by rail or barge to a manufacturing facility and then dissolved in water to make brine. However, the brine must be purified to remove potential contaminants, such as magnesium, calcium, and iron that have the potential to disrupt the electrolysis process described below.

To do so, brine is filtered by ion-exchange membranes that allow only the sodium and chloride ions, along with water, to pass through the membrane. The chlorine manufacturing process, which includes industrial preparation and production of chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen, involves a common chemical reaction known as electrolysis.

This reaction occurs when electricity is applied to brine. The chemical equation is:. Electricity is applied to the solution through two electrodes in the cell, the anode and cathode. The anode has a positive charge, the cathode has a negative charge, and electrons flow from the anode to the cathode.

The electrodes are submerged in the liquid brine. The selectivity of the membrane keeps the final products physically separated. The positive charge of the anode attracts the negatively charged chloride ions. Upon contact with the anode, the chloride ions lose two electrons oxidization.

Instantaneously, chlorine covalently bonds to itself to make Cl 2 gas that is removed from the electrolytic cell. The negative charge of the cathode attracts the positively charged sodium and hydrogen ions often referred to as protons.